Ferry M. Bertholet, Concubines and Courtesans: Women in Chinese Erotic Art, Brussels, 2010, pl. 62 (top right).

貝索烈，《Concubines and Courtesans: Wom🍒en in Chinese Erotic♒ Art》，布魯塞爾，2010年，圖版62（右上）

Gardens of Pleasure: Sex in Ancient China. An Exhibition of the Ferdinand M. Bertholet Collection, Hong Kong, 2014, fig. 14 (top right).

《愉悅滿園：貝氏中國古代情色藝術珍藏》，香港，2014年，圖14（右上）

Phalluses of various materials such as stone and bronze, believed to be associated with fertility rites, have been made in various prehistoric cultures in the Yellow River basin. Later in the Shang dynasty, when pictographic language emerged, the character zu (ancestor) closely 𓆉resembled the male sexual o🐬rgan, indicating the significance of the male role in ancient Chinese ancestry.

Two bronze V-shaped double-phalluses were excavated in the tomb of the Han dynasty Prince of Zhongshan, Liu Sheng; see Mancheng Han mu fajue baogao [Excavation report of the Han dynasty tomb at Mancheng], Beijing, 1980, vol. 1, p. 100 (1:4018 and 1:4179). The former was unearth🍸ed together with a pair of matching stone pebbles, illustrated ibid., vol. 2, pl. LXI, fig. 2.

此青銅祖，一端飾環，莖上綴凸弦紋，造型自然。早於上古時代，黃河流域一帶，已有石或銅祖。殷商金文「祖」字，形與生殖器官極為相近🧔🐲，突顯男性在繁衍後代上無可或缺的地位。

漢代中山王劉勝墓出土兩件青銅對祖，兩莖呈V形， 見《滿城漢墓發掘報告》，༒北京，1980年，卷1，頁100（1:4018ꦏ、1:4179），前者出土時鄰近有成對橢圓小石卵，圖見卷2，圖版LXI，圖2。