The Penitent Magdalene is clearly a creation of the southern Netherlands in the mid-sixteenth century.  The theme and general conception can be traced to Jan Massys and his workshop, however the elongated proportions and the heavier, somewhat triangular face, could be attributed to the influence of the more progressive Frans Floris.  The depiction of the partially clad Magdalene kneeling in a landscape was widespread at this period, but here the artist introduces an unusual element by creating a view through the grotto behind the saint's head.  A similar but not identical device can be found in the work of another contemporary, Maarten de Vos, known through an engraving by Antonie Wierix.¹

1  Hollstein's Dutch and Flemish Etchings, Engravings and Woodcuts, 1450-1700, vol. 44, Maarten de Vos, no. 1119, reproduced voඣl. 46, pl. 100.