Lot 39
- 39
squelette complet de rhinocéros laineux (rhinoceros tichorinus), pléistocène (100 000 ans), Sibérie, russie
Estimate
70,000 - 90,000 EUR
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Description
- Long. environ 410 cm ; aproximatively 160 in
Ce rhinocéros à narines cloisonnées ainsi nommé à cause de la forte cloison osseuse du nez qui sert de support à la puissante corne naturelle (seule la petite corne est remplacée par une copie), est plus communément appelé Rhinocéros laineux, du fait du pelage épais qu'il portait. Il a vécu pendant les deux dernières glaciations, le Riss et le Würm, et a disparu avec le dernier retrait glaciaire, il y a environ 10 000 ans. On le trouve dans les gisements fossiles du Pléistocène avec les mammouths et ours des cavernes sur une aire de répartition qui englobe toute l'Eurasie. Il est d'ailleurs superbement représenté au sein des peintures rupestes de la grotte Chauvet, découverte en 1990. Le tout premier spécimen fut trouvé officiellement en 1771 sur la rivière Viloui, affluent de la Lena. Des fragments de peau et les pattes avaient alors été envoyés à Catherine II de Russie pour le Cabinet de Curiosités de Pierre le Grand. On peut considérer ce squelette autant comme une oeuvre d'art naturelle qu'un fossile. Ainsi ce grand squelette de rhinocéros laineux aux cornes monumentales, contemporain du mammouth et de l'ours des cavernes court sur une plage de sable découverte par le reflux de flots imaginaires venant de se retirer. L'animal galopant envoie des gerbes d'eau ou plutôt de cristal de roche à l'aplomb de sa patte avant gauche. Tout l'univers semble saluer sa puissance. Ce type d'objet était d'ailleurs présent dans l'exposition surréaliste d'objets (et non pas exposition d'objets surréalistes comme se plaisait à le rectifier Breton) organisée en 1936 à la Galerie Charles Ratton à Paris. L'amoureux des Arts redécouvre d'ailleurs avec lui toute l'esthétique de la profanation si cher aux surréalistes. Salvador Dali était particulièrement fasciné par cet animal et sa corne, symbole de puissance, de croyances mystiques et aphrodisiaques pour autant sans fondement aucun, et lui découvrit par ailleurs des vertus de proportions divines. Ceci, à l'instar de nombreux artistes et savants qui au travers des âges le représentèrent tels Dürer, Ambroise Paré, Sébastien Münester pour la Cosmographie, Conrad Gessner pour son Livre sur les animaux. Henri II, Roi de France le choisit pour commémorer son entrée dans Paris en élevant une statue de Rhinocéros monumental surmonté d'un obélisque et écrasant un lion. Alexandre de Médicis, s'en tînt pour sa part à le faire plus raisonnablement figurer sur ses armes héraldiques. Louis XV céda lui aussi à cette séduction des formes et commanda un portrait monumental de la bête à Jean-Baptiste Oudry, son peintre animalier. La liste des Grands Hommes qui se sont pris d'intérêt pour le Rhinocéros fut-il en bronze, en pierre, en os, s'étendit encore au XIXe siècle puis au XXe siècle avec l'oeuvre "Le Rhinocéros" d'Henri Alfred Jacquemart visible désormais sur le parvis du Musée d'Orsay et le groupe "Rhinocéros attaqué par des tigres" d'Auguste Caïen qui trône dans les Jardins des Tuileries. On pourra citer encore les deux plus importantes statues de bronze fondues au XXe siècle aux Etats-Unis que sont "Besse et Victoria", deux dames rhinocéros, commande de la fondation Rockefeller à l'artiste américaine Katharine Ward Lane (1899-1989). Ce rhinocéros dans la grande lignée des oeuvres précitées prend donc place immanquablement telle une statue équestre sur un monumental socle de bois couleur acajou orné de nombreuses moulures. Excellent état général aussi pour ce squelette reconstitué grâce aux os trouvés dans un lit de fossiles qui forment ainsi une pièce à la présentation vraiment unique. Le socle porte une étiquette en laiton indiquant : "Hommage à Dali". Peut-être s'agit-il d'honorer le surréaliste qui aura été constamment influencé par la forme géométrique du Rhinocéros dans ses oeuvres.
This rhinoceros with partitioned nostrils, named thus due to the sharp bony septum of the nose which provides support for its powerful natural horn (only the little horn is replaced by a copy), is more commonly known as the woolly rhinoceros, due to the thick coat it wore. It lived during the last two glaciation periods, the Riss and the Würm, and disappeared with last glacial retreat, about 10,000 years ago.
This rhinoceros can be found in the fossil deposits of the Pleistocene together with mammoths and cave bears, an area that encompasses all of Eurasia. It is also beautifully represented in the cave paintings of the Chauvet cave, discovered in 1990.
Officially, the first specimen was found in 1771, in the Viloui River, a tributary of the lena. Fragments of skin and feet were then sent to Catherine II of Russia for the Cabinet of Curiosities of Peter the Great. One can consider this skeleton as much a work of natural art as a fossil.
Thus, this huge woolly rhinoceros skeleton with monumental horns is a contemporary of the mammoth and the cave bear and is presented running on a sandy beach patterned by an imaginary ebb and flow of retreated seawater. The galloping animal sends spouts of water, or rather rock crystal, directly above its left foreleg. The whole world seems to hail its power.
This type of object was also present at the surrealist exhibition of objects (not the exhibition of Surrealist objects, as Breton liked to specify), organized in 1936 at the Galerie Charles Ratton in Paris. An art lover can rediscover through this skeleton the aesthetic of desecration cherished by the Surrealists. Salvador Dali was particularly fascinated by this animal and its horn, a symbol of power, of mystical and aphrodisiac beliefs (albeit with no evidence), and it also helped him discover the virtues of divine proportions. Many other artists and scholars throughout the ages represented it, such as Dürer, Ambroise Pare, Sebastian Münster in cosmography, and Conrad Gessner in his book on animals. Henry II, King of France chose to commemorate his entrance into Paris by raising a monumental statue of the rhinoceros trampling a lion surmounted by an obelisk. Furthermore, Alexander de Medici, used the symbol of the rhinoceros on his heraldic armour. Louis XV was also captivated by its anatomy and ordered a monumental portrait of the creature from Jean Baptiste Oudry, his animal painter. The list of Great Men who have taken interest in the rhinoceros, whether it be in bronze, stone or bone, extends even to the the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with the work ''The Rhinoceros " by Henri Alfred Jacquemart, now in the forecourt of the Musée d'Orsay, and the group ''Rhinoceros attacked by tigers'' by Augustus Cain, which takes pride of place in the Tuileries Gardens. We can also cite the two largest bronze statues cast in the twentieth century in the United States, ''Besse and Victoria'', two female rhinoceros, an order by the Rockefeller Foundation given to the American artist Katharine Ward Lane (1899 - 1989).
The rhinoceros in the great works mentioned above thus inevitably assumes the stature of an equestrian statue, on a monumental base of mahogany coloured wood decorated with numerous moldings. This is an excellent general condition for a skeleton recontructed thanks to bones found in a bed of fossils, making it an utterly unique presentation piece. The base bears a brass label stating: ''Homage to Dali'', in order to honor the Surrealist who was repeatedly inspired by the geometric shape of the rhinoceros in his works.
This rhinoceros with partitioned nostrils, named thus due to the sharp bony septum of the nose which provides support for its powerful natural horn (only the little horn is replaced by a copy), is more commonly known as the woolly rhinoceros, due to the thick coat it wore. It lived during the last two glaciation periods, the Riss and the Würm, and disappeared with last glacial retreat, about 10,000 years ago.
This rhinoceros can be found in the fossil deposits of the Pleistocene together with mammoths and cave bears, an area that encompasses all of Eurasia. It is also beautifully represented in the cave paintings of the Chauvet cave, discovered in 1990.
Officially, the first specimen was found in 1771, in the Viloui River, a tributary of the lena. Fragments of skin and feet were then sent to Catherine II of Russia for the Cabinet of Curiosities of Peter the Great. One can consider this skeleton as much a work of natural art as a fossil.
Thus, this huge woolly rhinoceros skeleton with monumental horns is a contemporary of the mammoth and the cave bear and is presented running on a sandy beach patterned by an imaginary ebb and flow of retreated seawater. The galloping animal sends spouts of water, or rather rock crystal, directly above its left foreleg. The whole world seems to hail its power.
This type of object was also present at the surrealist exhibition of objects (not the exhibition of Surrealist objects, as Breton liked to specify), organized in 1936 at the Galerie Charles Ratton in Paris. An art lover can rediscover through this skeleton the aesthetic of desecration cherished by the Surrealists. Salvador Dali was particularly fascinated by this animal and its horn, a symbol of power, of mystical and aphrodisiac beliefs (albeit with no evidence), and it also helped him discover the virtues of divine proportions. Many other artists and scholars throughout the ages represented it, such as Dürer, Ambroise Pare, Sebastian Münster in cosmography, and Conrad Gessner in his book on animals. Henry II, King of France chose to commemorate his entrance into Paris by raising a monumental statue of the rhinoceros trampling a lion surmounted by an obelisk. Furthermore, Alexander de Medici, used the symbol of the rhinoceros on his heraldic armour. Louis XV was also captivated by its anatomy and ordered a monumental portrait of the creature from Jean Baptiste Oudry, his animal painter. The list of Great Men who have taken interest in the rhinoceros, whether it be in bronze, stone or bone, extends even to the the nineteenth and twentieth centuries with the work ''The Rhinoceros " by Henri Alfred Jacquemart, now in the forecourt of the Musée d'Orsay, and the group ''Rhinoceros attacked by tigers'' by Augustus Cain, which takes pride of place in the Tuileries Gardens. We can also cite the two largest bronze statues cast in the twentieth century in the United States, ''Besse and Victoria'', two female rhinoceros, an order by the Rockefeller Foundation given to the American artist Katharine Ward Lane (1899 - 1989).
The rhinoceros in the great works mentioned above thus inevitably assumes the stature of an equestrian statue, on a monumental base of mahogany coloured wood decorated with numerous moldings. This is an excellent general condition for a skeleton recontructed thanks to bones found in a bed of fossils, making it an utterly unique presentation piece. The base bears a brass label stating: ''Homage to Dali'', in order to honor the Surrealist who was repeatedly inspired by the geometric shape of the rhinoceros in his works.
Provenance
Ancienne collection française
Exhibited
Exposé au Grand Palais à Paris lors de la manifestation culturelle à but non lucratif "Les Dinosaures du Collectionneurs" Salon du Collectionneur 19/09/2009-20/09/2009
Literature
Thevenin R. "La faune disparue en France, depuis les origines jusqu'à nos jours, Paris, 1943