The canvas has an old relining. The flesh tones and whites have discoloured to a yellowish hue, most likely due to a dirty varnish. Small scattered areas of paint loss are visible at the lower left, in the body, drapery and beard of Holofernes, and in the raised arm of Judith. A hole in the canvas measuring 0.5 by 0.5 cm can be seen just above Holofernes.. Scattered retouching can be seen throughout the flesh tones and the drapery of the figures, as well as in the background. Inspection under ultraviolet light reveals a cloudy and uneven varnish. The work is offered in a gilt molded frame with some knocks and losses.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

Caravaggio's treatment of the subject in the Palazzo Barberini, Rome, would appear to have provided the inspiration for this composition, particularly in the pose of Holofernes. An attribution to Louis Finson has been suggested.