喜瑪拉雅藝術資源網編號68316

阿什莫林博物館，牛津，2002-2005年借展
《Arte Buddhista Tibetana: Dei e Demoni dell’ Himalaya》，Palazzo Bricherasio，都靈，2004年6-9月
魯賓藝術博物館，紐約，2005-2017年借展
《Casting the Divine: Sculptures of the Nyingjei Lam Collection》，魯賓藝術博物館，紐約，2012-2013年

Good condition with just insignificant dents and general surface wear.
"In response to your inquiry, we are pleased to provide you with a general report of the condition of the property described above. Since we are not professional conservators or restorers, we urge you to consult with a restorer or conservator of your choice who will be better able to provide a detailed, professional report. Prospective buyers should inspect each lot to satisfy themselves as to condition and must understand that any statement made by Sotheby's is merely a subjective, qualified opinion. Prospective buyers should also refer to any Important Notices regarding this sale, which are printed in the Sale Catalogue.
NOTWITHSTANDING THIS REPORT OR ANY DISCUSSIONS CONCERNING A LOT, ALL LOTS ARE OFFERED AND SOLD AS IS" IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE CONDITIONS OF BUSINESS PRINTED IN THE SALE CATALOGUE."

Simhamukha, the lion-faced dakini, is common to both the Nyingma and Sarma schools of Tibetan Buddhism. In the Nyingma tradition, Simhamukha manifests as the secret form of Padmasambhava; whilst in the Sakya, Kagyu and Geluk schools of the Sarma tradition, Simhamukha is associated with the Chakrasamvara Tantras as a yidam or meditational deity.  

An elegant symmetry is created in the present lot by the use of the utpala stalk on the base element to create a countersupport. Evidence of this stylistic convention in Tibetan sculpture appears as early as the thirteenth century; see two bronze figures depicting Vajravarahi from the Zimmerman Collection published in Pratapaditya Pal, Art of the Himalayas: Treasures from Nepal and Tibet, New York, 1991, pp. 114-116, cat. no. 57a-b. 

Compare the beaded girdle, stepped base with an upper row of beaded pearls; bulbous utpala petals; long garland of skulls reaching down to the right heel; and utpala stalk strut supporting the right knee bent in graceful ardhaparyankasana of the present work with a sixteenth century ungilt bronze figure of Vashyavajravarahi in the Victoria and Albert Museum published in Ulrich von Schroeder, Indo-Tibetan Bronzes, Hong Kong, 1981, pp. 470-471, cat. no. 129G.